作者簡介 羅伯特‧霍伊蘭 ( Robert G. Hoyland ) 羅伯特‧霍伊蘭是位歷史學者，專門研究中東地區中世紀的歷史。他是知名歷史學家派翠西亞‧克隆博士（Patricia Crone）的學生，曾經在英國牛津大學彭布羅克學院取得萊弗爾梅信託基金會的研究學者身分（Leverhulme Fellow）。他目前任教於美國紐約大學古代世界研究所，教授古典時代晚期和伊斯蘭早期的中東歷史。在此之前，他曾經擔任過英國牛津大學東方研究所教授，教授伊斯蘭歷史，也曾在英國蘇格蘭東海岸古鎮聖安德魯斯公立大學（University of St. Andrews）擔任歷史教授，還曾經在加州大學洛杉磯分校（UCLA）教授歷史。 霍伊蘭的研究興趣在於下列幾個重點： 1.有關在現代以前，居住在中東地區的穆斯林、猶太人和基督徒三者之間的關係； 2.在伊斯蘭興起之前和伊斯蘭興起...(展开全部)

In just over a hundred years—from the death of Muhammad in 632 to the beginning of the Abbasid Caliphate in 750—the followers of the Prophet swept across the whole of the Middle East, North Africa, and Spain. Their armies threatened states as far afield as the Franks in Western Europe and the Tang Empire in China. The conquered territory was larger than the Roman Empire at its ...(展开全部)

In just over a hundred years—from the death of Muhammad in 632 to the beginning of the Abbasid Caliphate in 750—the followers of the Prophet swept across the whole of the Middle East, North Africa, and Spain. Their armies threatened states as far afield as the Franks in Western Europe and the Tang Empire in China. The conquered territory was larger than the Roman Empire at its ...(展开全部)

The waterways of ancient Iraq were crucial to its prosperity. While they were maintained, Iraq and neighbouring Khuzistan, in southwest Iran, were the richest and most productive agricultural areas of the Middle East, supporting the Sasanian, Umayyad and Abbasid empires. When the waterways changed or fell into decay, both the prosperity and the political role of Iraq largely di...(展开全部)

The waterways of ancient Iraq were crucial to its prosperity. While they were maintained, Iraq and neighbouring Khuzistan, in southwest Iran, were the richest and most productive agricultural areas of the Middle East, supporting the Sasanian, Umayyad and Abbasid empires. When the waterways changed or fell into decay, both the prosperity and the political role of Iraq largely di...(展开全部)

This study provides a new interpretation of how political authority was conceived and transmitted in the Early Mongol Empire (1227-1259) and its successor state in the Middle East, the Ikhanate (1258-1335). Authority within the Mongol Empire was intimately tied to the character of its founder, Chinggis Khan, whose reign served as an idealized model for the exercise of legitimat...(展开全部)

The Muslim world has often been accused of a failure to modernise and adapt. Yet in this sweeping narrative and provocative retelling of modern history, Christopher de Bellaigue charts the forgotten story of the Islamic Enlightenment – the social movements, reforms and revolutions that transfigured the Middle East from the early nineteenth century to the present day. Modern ide...(展开全部)

The Muslim world has often been accused of a failure to modernise and adapt. Yet in this sweeping narrative and provocative retelling of modern history, Christopher de Bellaigue charts the forgotten story of the Islamic Enlightenment – the social movements, reforms and revolutions that transfigured the Middle East from the early nineteenth century to the present day. Modern ide...(展开全部)